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The Potentials Of Artificial Intelligence
The human brain is the most sophisticated and potent computer in the entire known cosmos.Only recently have the most advanced artificial intelligence (AI) systems started to partially simulate a very small subset of brain operations. But when it comes to some tasks, like language and mathematics, AI is far faster.This implies that the extensive thinking and study that have gone into fusing the two should not come as a surprise. The goal is to utilize AI to better comprehend how the brain functions so that more realistic models of it may be made in the future. It could one day assist us in developing systems that combine the richness and variety of human cognitive capacities with the efficiency and precision of digital computers.
Sounds like it may have come from science fiction? Of course it is, in fact. The idea of linking human brains to computers has served as the basis for fascinating fiction in films like The Fifth Element and books like Ready Player One and Neuromancer. However, it’s also increasingly likely to happen in the real world. Working real-world applications are said to be on the horizon. Organizations, like Elon Musk’s Neuralink and Paradromics, as well as governmental organizations, including the US and European governments, have formed initiatives to explore the potential.Here is a summary of what has been accomplished thus far in the quest to achieve the ultimate union of people and machines, along with some predictions for where these innovations may go.
Early Historical times
Early attempts to control basic electrical equipment like lightbulbs using electrodes that could measure and respond to impulses, first from monkey brains and subsequently from human brains, date back to the late 1960s.
The goal of early brain-computer interface research was to enable amputees to control artificial limbs, and this goal still dominates current research. At the University of Rochester in 1988, the first successful demonstration of a brain-computer interface entailed utilizing brain signals to move a computer cursor across a screen. In the 1980s, the Rhesus Macaque monkeys’ motor neurons were discovered and separated, and in the late 1990s, it was possible to recreate the visuals that cats saw by decoding the neuronal firing patterns in their brains.
As surgical techniques improved over time, it became morally acceptable to experiment with intrusive techniques to implant sensors into the human brain. This allowed brain signals to be captured and analyzed with a great deal more precision and dependability. This quickly resulted in significant advancements in our comprehension of how brain impulses may be decoded and applied to operate machines or computers.
Present Day
Since then, advances in brain-computer interfaces have been significant. Elon Musk’s Neuralink, one of the most well-known innovators today, was established. It creates implanted brain-machine interface (BMI) technologies, such as the N1 chip, which can communicate directly with more than 1,000 distinct types of brain cells. It attempts to make it possible for paralyzed people to regain their movement by using devices and prosthetic limbs. They are also researching how to use their technology to create Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease therapies.
Wearable brain-sensing gadgets have been created by Bitbrain that use AI to track EEG data. They provide software for doing medical brain scans as well as a range of lab equipment utilized in studies of human behavior, health, and neuroscience. Another business in this area is NextMind, which was just bought by Snap Inc., the parent firm of Snapchat. It has created a tool that converts visual brain inputs into computer commands. They want to construct a gadget that can transfer visual imagination into digital signals, meaning that any image you think of will be duplicated on a computer screen, in addition to technologies that allow computers to be controlled using brain impulses.
Boundaries are being pushed even further in academia. For instance, BCI researchers have utilized machine learning to extract information from frontal lobe EEG signals that have been used to categorize mental states (such as a person’s degree of tension or relaxation) with a scale. A diffusion-based neural network, which is the picture production model utilized by AI programs like DALL-E and Midjourney, has also been used to recreate music and images that individuals have seen based on their EEG activity.
Where Next?
This is undoubtedly a highly advanced technology that we are only now beginning to understand. The ability to “record” a person’s entire life experiences digitally, create a digital representation of any person or object simply by thinking about it, or even “mind control” another person could all become possible in the future (let’s put the issue of whether this would be beneficial aside for a moment).
We may anticipate less intrusive techniques for recording electrical brain activity in the near future, which will enable a wider range of uses for the technology without requiring users to have implant surgery. There may also be improvements in the utilization of near-Infrared spectroscopy, which detects changes in the flow of blood in the brain with the use of light. By better separating specific EEG signals from the background “noise” of the brain, it will also be feasible to interpret the meaning of certain EEG signals with greater accuracy.
We may also anticipate the development of brain-to-brain interfaces, which will essentially allow us to send and receive telepathic signals via an electronic “middleman” device that records and transmits messages directly to another person after being decoded from one person’s EEG activity. Researchers at the University of Washington have shown a technology that enables one person to control the hand motions of another using their brain, suggesting that this may even apply to controlling other people’s bodies.
We’ve entirely ignored the issue of what it would mean for society if technology made it possible for someone’s most private and intimate thoughts to be decoded and successfully watched like a movie. Of course, there are significant ethical implications for all of this. How far in the past will these movies be able to “rewind”? We are all aware that even when we haven’t given anything much attention for a while, the human brain frequently recalls details about people, places, or events from the distant past. Psychologists also claim that if thinking about or recalling a certain experience or occurrence would be upsetting or traumatic, the brain has the capacity to prevent us from doing so.What lessons about memory will this technology’s development impart to us, and do we have an ethical need to put safety measures in place to prevent information extraction from having unintended negative effects?
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